2022年初中英语：定语从句正误辨析

　　 定语从句正误辨析

　　 [误]I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English.? ?

　　 [正]I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English.? ?

　　 [析]在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job. 这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。?

　　 [误]We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War.? ?

　　 [正]We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War.? ?

　　 [析]这里的关系代词不要用 who，因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who，又不可用 which，因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that，因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?

　　 [误]The book，that I bought yesterday，was very good.?

　　 [正]The book，which I bought yesterday，was very good.? ?

　　 [析]先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。

　　 [误]The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?

　　 [正]The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?

　　 [析]关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?

　　 [误]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America.

　　 [正]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America.

　　 [析]the one，anyone，those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。?

　　 [误]This is the room in that the old man lives.? ?

　　 [正]This is the room in which the old man lives.? ?

　　 [正]This is the room which the old man lives in.? ?

　　 [正]This is the room that the old man lives in.? ?

　　 [析]that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in.??

　　 [误]I can do everything which is good for you.? ?

　　 [正]I can do everything that is good for you.? ?

　　 [析]在先行词是 all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。?

　　 [误]The only thing which the students can do is studying hard.? ?

　　 [正]The only thing that the students can do is studying hard.? ?

　　 [析]在先行词前有 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。?

　　 [误]This is the first American film which I've ever seen.

　　 [正]This is the first American film that I've ever seen.? ?

　　 [析]在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which 这样的用法还有在形容词更高级修饰的先行词之后，如：This is the best book that I have ever seen.

　　 [误]He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?

　　 [正]He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?

　　 [析]当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。

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